LIBRARY 

OF    THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


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TABLES  AND  DIAGRAMS 

FOR  FACILITATING  THE  MAKING  OF 

ESTIMATES  FOR  SEWERAGE  WORK 

BY  S.  M.  SWAAB,  C.E. 


NEW  YORK: 

THE    ENGINEERING    NEWS    PUBLISHING    COMPANY. 
1902. 


TABLES  AND  DIAGRAMS 


FOE  FACILITATING  THE  MAKING  OF 

ESTIMATES  FOR  SEWERAGE  WORK 


BY  S.  M.  SWAAB,  C.E. 


UNIVERSITY 

OF 


NEW  YORK: 

THE    ENGINEERING    NEWS    PUBLISHING    COMPANY. 
1902. 


COPYRIGHT,  1896,  BY  S.  M.  SWAAB 


CONTENTS. 


L- 

II.- 

III.- 

IV.- 

V.- 

VI.- 

VII.- 


Plate 
Plate 
Plate 
Plate 
Plate 
Plate 
Plate 
Plate  VIII.- 
Plate  IX.- 
Plate  X.- 
Plate XL- 
Plate  XII.- 
Plate  XIII.- 
Plate  XIV.- 
Plate  XV.- 
Plate  XVI.- 


Page. 

General  explanation  1 

Method  of  using  tables  and  diagrams 2 

Examples  worked  out '2,    3,  4 

Circular  sewers,  2  ft.  to  5  ft.  9  ins.  diam 5 

-Circular  sewers,  6  ft.  to  12  ft.  diam 6 

-Circular  sewers,  12  ft.  to  15  ft.  diam 7 

-Egg-shape  sewers,  1  ft.  6  ins.  by  2  ft.  3  ins.   to  3  ft.  4  ins.  by  5  ft 8 

-Excavation  for  one-ring  brick  circular  sewers,  2  ft.  to  5  ft.  diam 9 

-Excavation  for  two-ring  brick  circular  sewers,  2  ft.  to  5  ft.  diam 10 

-Excavation  for  circular  sewers,  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  9  ins.,  in  full  cradle 11 

-Excavation  for  circular  sewers,  5  ft.  to  8  ft.,  in    full    cradle 12 

-Excavation  for  circular  sewers,  8  ft.  to  11  ft.,  in  full  cradle  13 

-Excavation  for  circular  sewers,   11  ft.  to  13  ft.,  in  full  cradle  14 

-Excavation  for  circular  sewers,  13  ft.  to  15  ft.,  in  full  cradle  15 

-Excavation  for  circular  sewers,  5  ft.  to  10  ft.,  in  partial  cradle  16 

-Excavation  for  circular  sewers,  10  ft.  to  15  ft.,  in  partial  cradle 17 

-Excavation  for  one-ring  brick  egg-shape  sewers,  1  ft.  6  ins.  by  2  ft.  3  ins.  to  3  ft.  4  ins.  by  5  ft.. .  18 

-Excavation   for   two-ring   brick   egg-shape   sewers,  1  ft.  6  ins.  by  2  ft.  3  ins.  to  3  ft.  4  ins.  by  5  ft. . . .  19 

-Excavation  for  egg-shape  sewers,  1  ft.  6  ins.   by  2  ft.  3  ins.  to  3  ft.  4  ins.  by  3  ft.,  in  full  cradle. ...  20 


1 03709 


TABLES  AND  DIAGRAMS  FOR  FACILITATING  THE  COMPUTATION  OF 
ESTIMATES    FOR   SEWERAGE    WORK. 

By  S.  M.  SWAAB,  Civil  Engineer,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


The  object  of  the  accompanying  tables  and  di 
agrams,  as  the  title  suggests,  is  to  facilitate  the 
computation  of  estimates  for  sewerage  work.  The 
figures  represent  in  the  case  of  masonry  the 
gross  amount  of  brick  and  mortar  and  stone  and 
mortar  which  comprise  the  brick  masonry  and 
stone  masonry  indicated  by  the  tables. 

The  quantity  of  mortar  in  brick  masonry 
amounts  to  about  25  to  30%  of  the  total  bulk,  and 
the  quantity  of  mortar  in  stone  masonry  amounts 
to  about  32  to  35%.  Five  hundred  bricks,  more 
or  less,  of  standard  size  are  required  to  lay  a  cu- 
bic yard  of  brick  masonry  where  the  joints  are 
from  %  to  %-in.  thick.  About  2%  should  be  al- 
lowed for  breakage  and  cutting. 


The  quantities  of  excavation  indicated  by  the 
diagrams  are  the  minimum  quantities  which  will 
allow  the  trench  to  be  as  wide  from  top  to  bottom 
as  the  greatest  external  width  of  the  "cradle." 
The  quantities  of  excavation  for  sewers  not  in 
"masonry  cradle"  refer  to  a  trench  equal  in  width 
at  the  top  to  the  greatest  external  width  of  the 
sewer,  and  at  the  bottom  to  conform  to  the  shape 
of  the  section. 

Allowance  has  been  made  in  all  the  diagrams 
so  that  the  quantities  indicated  thereon  represent 
the  total  amount  of  excavation  to  the  "outside 
bottom"  of  the  sewer;  but  as  the  figures  rep- 
resenting the  depth  of  the  sewer  below  grade  are 
invariably  given  on  the  "inside  bottom"  of  the 


sewer,    the    depth,    in    these    diagrams,    for   con- 
venience, is  also  given  to  the  "inside  bottom." 

Method   of  Using  the   Diagrarr.s. 

The  internal  dimensions  in  feet  and  inches  of 
the  egg  shape  and  circular  sewers  will  be  found 
on  the  left  3f  the  diagrams  in  every  case.  Run 
over  this  line  toward  the  right  until  the  curve  is 
found  representing  the  depth  to  the  inside  bottom 
of  the  sewer  below  the  surface;  then  follow  down 
the  vertical  line  which  intersects  the  curve  at  this 
point  to  the  bottom  of  the  diagram,  on  which 
may  be  read  off  at  once  the  quantity  of  excava- 
tion. 

All  the  quantities  given  in  the  tables  and  di- 
agrams are  in  cubic  yards  and  decimals  of  a 
cubic  yard  pe*-  linear  foot  of  sewer.  The  quan- 
tities given  in  the  tables  have  merely  to  be 
multiplied  by  the  length  of  the  sewer  to  find  the 


total  amount  of  brick  or  stone  masonry,  excava- 
tion, etc.,  in  any  given  piece  of  work. 

The     following     examples     will     illustrate     the 
method  of  using  the  tables  and  diagrams: 

Example   1.— Given   a    3-ft.    diameter   circular   sewer   in 
"full  cradle,"  1,000  ft.  loiig,  12  ft.  deep  to  Inside  bottom: 
From  Plate  I.: 

Quantity  of  brickwork  =  — 0.292         cu.yds.  per  lin.ft. 

1,000 


Total     " 


292    cu.  yds.  per  1,000  ft. 


From  Plate  I. : 

Quantity     of     masonry  =  — 0.48          cu.yds.  per  lin.ft. 

1,000 


Total     " 


480    cu.  yds.  per  1,000  ft. 


From  Plate  VII. : 

Quantity  of  excavation  =  — 3.54          cu.yds.  per  lin.ft. 

1,000 


Total     " 


3,540    cu.  yds.  per  1,000  ft. 


Example  2.— Given  an  8-ft.  diameter  circular  sewer  In 
"partial  cradle"  1,000  ft.  long,  18  ft.  deep  to  inside  bot- 
tom: 


From  Plate  II. :  Prom  Plate  IV. : 

Quantity  of  brickwork  =  —  1.14           cu.yds.  per  lin.ft.  Quantity     of  masonry  = —0.50         cu.yds.  per  lin.ft. 

1,000  1,000 

Total     "                   "                  1,140      cu.  yds.  per  1,000  ft.  Total     "  "                       500    cu.  yds.  per  1,000  ft. 

From  Plate  II. :  From  Plate  XVI. : 

Quantity     of     masonry  =  — 1.414        cu.yds.  per  lin.ft.  Quantity  of  excavation  =  —  2.58          cu.yds.  per  lin.ft. 

1,000  1,000 


Total     '                                            1,414  cu.  yds.  per  1,000  ft.  Total     '                                          2,580    cu.  yds.  per  1,000  ft. 

From  Plate  XII. :  Example  4. — Given  a  4-ft.  6-in.  diameter  circular  sewer, 

Quantity  of  excavation  =  —9.4           cu.yds.  per  lin.ft.  9-in.   brickwork   (double  ring  of  brick  all  around),   1,000 

ft.  long,  9  ft.  6  ins.  deep  to  inside  bottom. 

Total     "                   "                  9,400      cu.  yds.  per  1,000  ft.  From  Plate  I.: 

Example  3.-Given  a  2-ft.  2-in.  x'3-ft.  3-in.   egg-shape  Quantlty  °f  brickwork  =  -°-45f)000  cu'yds'  per  lin'ft- 

sewer  in  "full  cradle,"  1,000  ft.  long,   10  ft.  deep  to  in- 

side  bottom:  Total     '                                             458    cu.  yds.  per  1,000  ft. 

From  Plate  IV. :  From  Plate  VI. : 

Quantity  of  brickwork  =  —0.25           cu.yds.  per  lin.ft.  Quantity  of  excavation  =  —2.15          cu.yds.  per  lin.ft. 

1,000  1,000 


Total     '  250      cu.  yds.  per  1,000  ft.  Total     "  2,150    cu.  yds.  per  1,000  ft. 


For  quantity  of  excavation  in  rock,  where  the 
arch,  haunch  and  counterarch  are  used  without 
masonry  cradle,  read  the  quantity  of  excavation 
for  the  given  size  and  depth  from  the  diagram 
showing-  the  quantity  of  excavation  for  circular 
sewer  in  partial  cradle  in  cubic  yards;  next  find 
the  quantity  of  masonry  required  for  the  sewer  in 
partial  cradle  in  cubic  yards;  subtract  the  latter 
from  the  former,  and  the  result  is  the  total 
amount  of  rock  excavation. 

Example  5.— Given  a  10-ft.  diameter  sewer  in  "rock  ex- 
cavation" 17  ft.  to  inside  bottom. 


From  Plate  XIII 10.7  cu.  yds.  excav.  per  lin.  ft. 

From  Plate  II 1.9    "     "      masonry. 


8.8 


rock  excavation. 


An  infinite  number  of  combinations  of  the  va- 
rious tables  and  diagrams  will  suggest  themselves 
as  occasion  demands.  The  tables  and  diagrams 
are  applicable  to  all  combinations  where  the  gen- 
eral "dimensions  and  design"  of  the  sewer  sec- 
tions compare  favorably  with  the  dimensions  of 
the  sections  on  which  these  tables  were  based,  as 
shown  by  the  headings  of  the  different  tables. 


Plate  I. 


Circular  Sewers 


5/ze 


Br/cfrMosonry 


tnyof/ 


Quantify /n  cub/C  yards  pr.  //nearjoor 


O.  ZZ7 


O  3 


0./03 


O.Z4- 


ZS4 


Jt  .......  .0 


./J8 


>/&9 


74 


70 


S.  ........  0 


+9 


O60 


0.  96 


/.07 


O  87 
0.93 


Plate  II. 


0) 


l 

"  • 


.N 


K 


Plate  III. 


C/rcular  Sewers 

S/ze 

Br/c/fMasonry 
/3/flArch,HaurKt, 
orx/ 
9  "*d  courtfew*& 

/?ubb/e  Masonry 
/Z/rKhesrtKtfum/erGOV/ifer&nsb 

ff/'Z&frfrv 

/ftfi///Grdl*  kfMMG+t 

/?           //7. 

Qi/a/7///y/v  cu6/c  yards  pr.  //hffarfbot 

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3.70 

Z.84 

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3.7-f 

2.91 

3 

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297 

« 

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3.90 

3.06 

9 

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3 

z.&o 

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3.J6 

6 

2.60 

46 

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J.70 

/£..  O 

27* 

J-03 

J.yo 

Plate  IV. 


EGG  Shape  Sewersizzzz) 

Size 

BrtdtfMasonry 
9/nArchJfounc/ 
8"f'/tin.' 
coi//7le/*<yn;h 

JHt 

sS>    Jl.O    f>ft 

lf«fl 

<$     '<j\  5 

BridfMasonry 

9tnyJ*  rity  of         QttfMt  n/y  of 
trovnS                      orowf 

4&'/r?.#r/cA' 

9mt/7/c/r. 

Quanftty/r7cub/c_yards  p/r  //riearjoot 

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Plate  V. 


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Plate  VI. 


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Plate  VII. 


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fr:/v7ea/-foof-  ofC/rcu/or  Seve 


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Plate  VIII. 


Plate  IX. 


M\  8'9- 


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bow/no  Quantify  of 

Excaryafibr?  //?  cc/6/c  M 
/ '          /^._^-    /~     *s 


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Plate  X. 


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Plate  XL 


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n  cuo/cyaras 


26  27 


Plate  XII. 


\K 


D/agram  s/?< 
Excavafi 


'trf/tyof 
c  yards 


8  9.  /0 

//7  Cc/6/C  y&ft/f 


16 


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OF  THE 

(   UNIVERSITY   ) 


Plate  XIII. 


/0'6" 


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U 


N 


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17 


Plate  XIV, 


is 


TIBRT 

or  THE 

UN/VERSJTY 
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Plate  XV. 


/     /      Z    J     +     -S     6     7    * 

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OF  THE 

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Plate  XVI. 


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